Maltese Health Issues & Care Guide
Comprehensive health guide covering common conditions, genetic testing, preventive care, and veterinary recommendations for Malteses.
Health Overview
Generally healthy with good longevity, though liver shunts and heart defects are the most serious breed concerns. Tear staining is a common cosmetic issue., but like all dogs, they are prone to certain conditions. Being aware of these and working with a knowledgeable veterinarian helps ensure your Maltese lives a long, healthy life.
Responsible breeders screen for the most common health issues, significantly reducing the risk of inherited conditions. Regular preventive care—vaccinations, parasite prevention, and dental care—is essential.
Common Health Conditions
| Condition | Frequency | Severity | Treatable |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Occasional | Severe | Yes |
| Portosystemic Shunt | Occasional | Severe | Yes |
| White Dog Shaker Syndrome | Occasional | Moderate | Yes |
| Patellar Luxation | Common | Moderate | Yes |
| Progressive Retinal Atrophy | Occasional | Severe | No |
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
A congenital heart defect where a fetal blood vessel fails to close after birth, causing abnormal blood flow and potential heart failure.
Portosystemic Shunt
An abnormal blood vessel bypasses the liver, causing toxin buildup. Symptoms include stunted growth, disorientation, and seizures.
White Dog Shaker Syndrome
Idiopathic cerebellitis causing generalized tremors in small white dogs, typically appearing between six months and three years of age.
Patellar Luxation
Kneecap dislocation common in small breeds, causing intermittent skipping gait that may progress and require surgical correction.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Gradual deterioration of the retina leading to night blindness and eventually total vision loss. No treatment is available.
Recommended Health Tests
Before buying a Maltese ($1000–$3000), verify these health tests on both parents:
- Patellar luxation evaluation by an orthopedic veterinarian
- Eye exam by a board-certified veterinary ophthalmologist
- Thyroid function testing
- Comprehensive DNA panel for Maltese-specific mutations including Patent Ductus Arteriosus screening
All results should be verifiable through OFA's public database. Generally healthy with good longevity, though liver shunts and heart defects are the most serious breed concerns. Tear staining is a common cosmetic issue..
Preventive Care Schedule
Keep your Maltese healthy with this preventive care schedule (estimated $431–618/year):
- First year: Vaccination series, deworming, parasite prevention start, microchipping, spay/neuter consultation
- Annual (adults 1-10): Comprehensive exam, vaccine updates, heartworm test, weight management (4–7 lbs target), Patent Ductus Arteriosus screening
- Biannual (seniors 10+): Full blood work, thyroid panel, urinalysis, cardiac check, Patent Ductus Arteriosus monitoring
Life Stage Health Guide
Understanding your Maltese's life stages helps you provide appropriate care (lifespan 12–15 years):
- Puppy (0-12 months): Rapid growth toward 4–7 lbs, socialization critical, high energy, frequent feeding
- Adolescent (1-2 years): Testing boundaries, continued training important, reaching adult size of 7–9 inches
- Adult (2-10 years): Peak health, 50+ minutes daily exercise, annual screening for Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Senior (10+ years): Slower pace, may need dietary adjustments, biannual vet visits
Insurance Recommendation
Given the Maltese's predisposition to conditions like Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Portosystemic Shunt, pet insurance is a worthwhile investment. Plans typically cost $38–$86 per month and can save thousands in unexpected veterinary bills. Compare plans from multiple providers and enroll early, before any pre-existing conditions develop.